Using mild steel as an example, the melt is now cast in the continuous caster. Metallography and microstructure of ancient and historic. Bilgehan ogel, mete 206, experiment iii, microstructure of materials, laboratory notes 2005compiled by glyn meyrick, professor emeritus, revised by robert h. These samples were polished to a 1 micron finish and then chemically etched to reveal the grain boundaries. Examine microstructures of steel in relation to hardness background to understand heat treatment of steels requires an ability to understand the fec phase diagram shown in figure 61. Focused specifically on the interpretation of microstructures and its relation to properties and environmental behavior. Conclusion metallography is one of the most important part. A more detailed list of etchants used for various metalsalloys can be found at the end. Pdf microstructure examination and hardness test researchgate. Microstructure examination of steel heat treating steel free 30. Focuses on the art and science of preparing, interpreting, and analyzing microstructures to understand material behavior and performance. The microstructural features of a given material may vary greatly when observed at different length scales. Above experiment observed the microstructure of the steel.
Microstructure can be observed using a range of microscopy techniques. After preparation, the sample can easily be analyzed using optical or electron microscopy. Metallography and microstructures of cast iron janina m. The steel is hypereurectoid and cast, and was made in a crucible process.
It differs according to the elements that make up the alloy and especially the heat treatment the blade has received. Effect of welding on microstructure and mechanical. Common etchants for copper, copper alloys, iron, steel, and silver 6. Conclusion metallography is one of the most important part of. The best light sources are those in which the light intensity is controlled by a voltage adjustment. The range of useful magnification for an objectiveeyepiece combination is defined by the. Feb 03, 2014 also during this lab the effects of additional tempering after quenching on the steels microstructure and hardness were observed. Effect of welding on microstructure and mechanical properties. Performing microstructural examination on prepared test. Microstructure of tested steel after 102000 h service, magnification 400 x microhardness in the pearlite grains was.
Different microscopy techniques are used to study the alloy microstructure, i. Callister, jr, materials science and engineering 2003 pages. Of equal importance is the fact that, within limits, the microstructure can provide an accurate picture of the mechanical and thermal. Viewing microstructures of materials using the optical. Annealing, normalizing and agehardening heattreatments at 850oc were used for the experimental work. In this practical the microstructure and the features of the mild steel specimen was observed under the optical microscope. Normalizing involves heating steel, and then keeping it at that temperature for a period of time, and then cooling it in air. Microstructure and mechanical properties of mild steel. Although this chart stops at grain size 8, finer grain sizes are sometimes found in woodworking tools. The knowledge obtained is exploited for the design. Laboratory total 100 % a daily lab report 10% b daily lab viva 10% c assignment 15% d project 25%. Introduction matallography is the study of metals by optical and electron microscopes.
A skilled technician is able to identify alloys and predict material properties, as well as processing conditions by. Typically, the slabs are about 10 meteres long, about 1400mm wide and about 250mm thick. Metallography is the study of the microstructure of metals and alloys by means of. Microstructure and mechanical properties degradation of crmo. Radzikowska, the foundry research institute, krako. In hardness test three different specimens of high speed steel, mild steel and aluminum was examined for. Optical micrograph of a mixed microstructure of bainite and martensite in a medium carbon steel. Microstructure refers to the size and pattern of microscopic variations in the composition and structure of the steel. However, a typical format for a lab report is included in this observation. Bakelite and diallyl phthalate fall into the first category while transoptic material into the.
Technician a person having little or no formal training but who, through aptitude and experience, is capable of performing acceptable specimen preparation and other. Normalizing is as term of returning the structure back to normal. Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties. When describing the structure of the material we have to consider about two. In the absence of a supervising metallurgist, the metallographer may be required to interpret microstructure, perform tests, and report the results in clear technical prose. Sep 02, 2016 metrology lab experiment microstructure analysis of ferrous and non ferrous metals. Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd.
Abstract proper preparation of metallographic specimens to determine microstructure and content requires that a. Metallography specimen preparation and examination objectives 1. The preparation of metallic or other materials for microscopic examination and micro structural characterization is in principal very simple. Conclusion metallography is one of the most important part of physical metallurgy that enables us to guess the type of the material and its physical properties from the microstructure by using an optical or electron microscopy. Preparation of specimen for metallographic examination of different engineering materials. In the second part, the effect of welding on the microstructure evolution is illustrated. Hardness tests, tensile tests and metallography were carried out on the heattreated and control samples. Metrology lab experiment microstructure analysis of ferrous. Then alcohol is sprayed over the surface and the mount is finally dried in a stream of hot air. Metrology lab experiment microstructure analysis of. In this case, the peak temperature during the welding process seems much important and will dominate the microstructure formed at the welding interface 14. Identify the phase or phases present and the grain size of. Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and.
Format for notes on the examination of metal objects 8. The residual phase is untempered martensite which etches lighter because of the absence. Metallographic specimen preparation, microscopic examination. Spheroidize annealed w1 waterhardened carbon tool steel etched with top 4% picral to reveal the general. The pearlite appears in a variety of colors due to differences in spacing. Compression molding materials are 1 thermosetting or 2 thermoplastic polymers. Material lab report title microstructure examination of. The steel jacket used to protect the ti piece during heating and retain heat during rolling. Theoretically, steels are the alloys of iron and carbon in which the. This article gives an overview of metallography and metallic alloy characterization. The term microstructure is used to describe the appearance of the material on the nmcm length scale. The bainite etched dark because it is a mixture of ferrite and cementite, and the. The students shall get clarity about microstructures of carbon steels, cast irons and nonferrous alloys.
Typical microstructure of sheet base metal is composed of ferrite and small regions of pearlite. In this laboratory, you will report the microstructures of prepared samples in specific. To examine and analyze the microstructures of metals and metallic alloys. Introduction microscopic examination with digital imaging microstructure analysis is conducted by microscopic examination, a process that studies the structure of materials under magnification. Metrology lab experiment microstructure analysis of ferrous and non ferrous metals. The microstructure is the geometric arrangement of grains and the different phase present in a material. Title microstructure examination of steel objective to observe the constituents and structure of metals and their alloys by means of an optical microscope. Microstructure examination of steel heat treating steel. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical. Microstructure and mechanical properties of mild steel joints. The stir zone of the steel joints may not penetrate into the lower steel sheet and the joining of the two steel plates is generally achieved by diffusion bonding at high temperature. The properties of a material determine how well it will perform under a given application, and these properties are dependent on the structure of the material. Also during this lab the effects of additional tempering after quenching on the steels microstructure and hardness were observed.
Each sample was carefully grounded progressively on emery paper in decreasing coarseness. During microstructure analysis of metals and alloys, a microscopic examination is conducted to study the microstructural features of the material under magnification. Microstructure examination of steel free download as word doc. Examination of the microstructure of a material provides information used to determine if the structural parameters are within certain specifications. In that test the best edge retention was found in japanese chisels that had grain sizes of 8 to 10 with a hardness of rc. Polished samples of each type will be provided by the tas. Microstructure analysis microstructure testing, evaluation. Annealing, normalizing, hardening and tempering of steel. The branch of materials science dealing with microscopic examination of metals is called metallography. Objectuve to observe the constituents and structure of metals and their alloy by means of an optical microscope. View lab report material lab report from computer s 123 at sri lanka institute of information technology. Lab exam lab viva lab quiz will be either after both sets of experiments or after each set of experiment. Wagoner, distinguished professor of engineering 2001 lecture notes, taken from the internet site.
Within this context, the present work focuses on examining the mechanical properties and microstructure of two hotwork tool steels, of which one is a representative steel grade steel a and the second a higheralloyed variant steel b, at different tempering conditions. The effect of heat treatment at 850ocon the microstructure and mechanical properties of sae 1025 carbon steel has been studied. Microstructure and mechanical properties degradation of crmo creep resistant steel operating under creep conditions materials engineering materialove inzinierstvo 18 2011 5762 59 fig. Flat enough to permit examination by optical microscope or sem. In the first part of this paper, the microstructure of base metal of industrial low carbon steel 0. Metallography developed from the need to understand the influence of alloy microstructure on macroscopic properties.
Transmission electron microscopy does not reveal a change in the microstructure produced by different thermal treatments, yet it does permit visualization of the complex material microstructure, consisting of a martensitic matrix with embedded carbides. Three sides of the bag were spot welded and the fourth side. I n hardness test three different specimens of high speed steel, mild steel and aluminum was examined for. Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of low. In the lab or in the classroom, demonstrate use of a microscope to observe materials samples. To learn and to gain experience in the preparation of metallographic specimens. The grinding surface of the samples were polished using al203 carried on a micro clothe. After etching, the mount is throughly rinsed in running water. Use demonstration samples to show typical microstructure of. Material lab report title microstructure examination of steel. Experiment 6 heat treatment of steel eutectoid hypoeutectoid. Microscopic examination of metals laboratory testing inc. Material engineering, me 254 lab manual prepared by. Metallographic specimens of heat treated components to be supplied and.
In this experiment we saw how the microstructure is effected with some physical property changes like carbon content and the addition of alloying elements or some. For steel mills, fabricators, machine shops, and other highvolume clients, our automatic stage microscopy and image analysis enable us to accurately analyze up to eight specimens simultaneously. To observe the constituents and structure of metals and their alloys by means of an optical microscope introduction microscopic examination with digital imaging microstructure analysis is conducted by microscopic examination, a process that studies the structure of materials under magnification. The edge properties of a blade are affected by the microstructure of the steel. To report microstructures of plain carbon steel, tool steel, gray c. If one were to ask the question as to which is the cause.
The preparation of metallic or other materials for microscopic examination and micro. Viewing microstructures of materials using the optical microscope. The resulting microstructure is a mixture of ferrite and cementite which has a higher strength and hardness, but lower ductility. Procedure for this lab six samples of each of the three carbon steel compositions1018. It then undergoes normalized process which is cooled in still air. Lab examlab vivalab quiz will be either after both sets of experiments or after each set of experiment.
To observe the constituents and structure of metals and their alloys by means of an optical microscope. Preparing tool steels for microstructural examination. Title microstructure examination of steel objective. Interpretation of the microstructure of steels harry bhadeshia. Physical metallurgy lab indian institute of technology. Recording the results of metallographic examination 9. This is about to examine the microstructure of steel and observe the constituents and structure of it. Our metallurgical lab also has four fullyequipped metallographs with full image analysis capabilities utilized for microstructure examination.
View each of the samples, comment on the microstructures in your lab report and make sketches of the microstructures and include them in your. Identify the phase or phases present and the grain size of the material from your metallographic examination. Annealed microstructure of type o6 graphitic tool steel prepared top with the threestep method using the ultrapol silk cloth for step 2. Microscopic examination microstructure analysis to evaluate materials.
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